Within- and between-day test-retest reliability and agreement of isometric and isokinetic, multi-joint, upper- and lower-body strength testing
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51224/SRXIV.465Keywords:
force, chest press, leg press, seated rowAbstract
The aim of this study was to assess the within- and between-day test-retest agreement and reliability of upper- (chest press; CP and seated row; SR) and lower-body (leg press; LP) multi-joint isometric and isokinetic dynamometry using Exerbotics devices. Fourteen recreationally active adults (male = 11, female = 3) completed three testing sessions over a three-week period. On each day, participants performed two isometric testing trials followed by one isokinetic testing trial. Analyses were conducted within a Bayesian estimation framework using multivariate models summarising posterior distributions by their mean point estimate and 95% quantile intervals (QI) for both limits of agreement and variance decomposition ratios (comparable to intraclass correlation coefficients). For isometric testing, the within-day limits of agreement with the mean for the CP were 28.82 [95%QI: 23.12, 35.88], for the LP were 38.76 [95%QI: 30.87, 49.22], and for the SR were 16.65 [95%QI: 13.3, 21.18], and between-day limits of agreement with the mean for the CP were 34.06 [95%QI: 28.46, 41.4], for the LP were 50.46 [95%QI: 41.57, 62.43], and for the SR were 23.2 [95%QI: 19.04, 28.98]. Variance decomposition ratios were 0.939 [95%QI: 0.895, 0.964] and 0.937 [95%QI: 0.893, 0.963] for CP, 0.968 [95%QI: 0.944, 0.981] and 0.967 [95%QI: 0.942, 0.981] for LP, and 0.970 [95%QI: 0.947, 0.983] and 0.969 [95%QI: 0.946, 0.982] for the SR, for within- and between-day, respectively. For isokinetic testing, between day limits of agreement for concentric muscle actions for the CP were 25.73 [95%QI: 17.94, 37.67], for the LP were 74.24 [95%QI: 55.11, 100.1], and for the SR were 17.87 [95%QI: 12.08, 26.91], and for eccentric muscle actions for the CP were 37.42 [95%QI: 25.82, 55.54], for the LP were 119.25 [95%QI: 85.73, 168.24], and for the SR were 28.55 [95%QI: 19.88, 41.77]. Variance decomposition ratios were 0.954 [95%QI: 0.89, 0.984] and 0.931 [95%QI: 0.828, 0.977] for CP, 0.912 [95%QI: 0.797, 0.968] and 0.855 [95%QI: 0.652, 0.95] for LP, and 0.971 [95%QI: 0.927, 0.991] and 0.937 [95%QI: 0.851, 0.978] for the SR, for concentric and eccentric muscle actions respectively. In summary, these data suggest good agreement and good to excellent reliability for multi-joint isometric and isokinetic force measurement.
Metrics
References
Kroemer KH, Marras WS, McGlothlin JD, McIntyre DR, Nordin M. On the measurement of human strength. Int J Ind Ergon. 1990; 6(3):199-210.
Wilson GJ, Murphy AJ. The use of isometric tests of muscular function in athletic assessment. Sports Med. 1996; 22:19-37.
Nuzzo JL, Taylor JL, Gandevia SC. CORP: Measurement of upper and lower limb muscle strength and voluntary activation. J Appl Physiol. 2019; 126(3):513-43.
Hopkins WG. Measures of reliability in sports medicine and science. Sports Med. 2000; 30:1-5.
Parraca JA, Adsuar JC, Domínguez-Muñoz FJ, Barrios-Fernandez S, Tomas-Carus P. Test-retest reliability of isokinetic strength measurements in lower limbs in elderly. Biology. 2022; 11(6):802.
Dirnberger J, Huber C, Hoop D, Kösters A, Müller E. Reproducibility of concentric and eccentric isokinetic multi-joint leg extension measurements using the IsoMed 2000-system. Isokinet Exerc Sci. 2013; 21(3):195-202.
Ratamess NA, Beller NA, Gonzalez AM, Spatz GE, Hoffman JR, Ross RE, Faigenbaum AD, Kang J. The effects of multiple-joint isokinetic resistance training on maximal isokinetic and dynamic muscle strength and local muscular endurance. J sport Sci Med. 2016; 15(1):34.
Coudeyre E, Jegu AG, Giustanini M, Marrel JP, Edouard P, Pereira B. Isokinetic muscle strengthening for knee osteoarthritis: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials with meta-analysis. Ann Phys Rehabil Med. 2016; 59(3):207-15.
Dvir Z, Müller S. Multiple-joint isokinetic dynamometry: a critical review. J Strength Cond Res. 2020; 34(2):587-601.
Paoli A, Gentil P, Moro T, Marcolin G, Bianco A. Resistance training with single vs. multi-joint exercises at equal total load volume: effects on body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, and muscle strength. Front Physiol. 2017; 8:1105.
Stock MS, Luera MJ. Consistency of peak and mean concentric and eccentric force using a novel squat testing device. J Appl Biomech. 2014; 30(2):322-5.
Bridgeman LA, McGuigan MR, Gill ND, Dulson DK. Test-retest reliability of a novel isokinetic squat device with strength-trained athletes. J Strength Cond Res. 2016; 30(11):3261-5.
Callaghan MJ, McCarthy CJ, Al-Omar A, Oldham JA. The reproducibility of multi-joint isokinetic and isometric assessments in a healthy and patient population. Clin Biomech. 2000; 15(9):678-83.
Hopkins WG, Schabort EJ, Hawley JA. Reliability of power in physical performance tests. Sports Med. 2001; 31:211-34.
Schärer C, Tacchelli L, Göpfert B, Gross M, Lüthy F, Taube W, Hübner K. Specific eccentric–isokinetic cluster training improves static strength elements on rings for elite gymnasts. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2019; 16(22):4571.
Kroll W. Test reliability and errors of measurement at several levels of absolute isometric strength. Res Q Exerc Sport. 1970 May; 41(2):155-63.
Hoffman JR, Ratamess NA, Kang J, Gonzalez AM, Beller NA, Craig SA. Effect of 15 days of betaine ingestion on concentric and eccentric force outputs during isokinetic exercise. J Strength Cond Res. 2011; 25(8):2235-41.
de Vet HC, Terwee CB, Knol DL, Bouter LM. When to use agreement versus reliability measures. J Clin Epidemiol. 2006; 59(10):1033-9.
Knaier R, Qian J, Roth R, Infanger D, Notter T, Wang W, Cajochen C, Scheer FA. Diurnal variation in maximum endurance and maximum strength performance: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2022; 54(1):169.
Chtourou H, Driss T, Souissi S, Gam A, Chaouachi A, Souissi N. The effect of strength training at the same time of the day on the diurnal fluctuations of muscular anaerobic performances. J Strength Cond Res. 2012; 26(1):217-25.
Engel FA, Faude O, Kölling S, Kellmann M, Donath L. Verbal Encouragement and Between-Day Reliability During High-Intensity Functional Strength and Endurance Performance Testing. Front Physiol. 2019; 10:460.
Rodriguez-Sanchez F, Jackson CP, Hutchins SD, Clawson JM. Grateful: Facilitate Citation of R Packages. 2023.
Kruschke JK, Liddell TM. The Bayesian New Statistics: Hypothesis testing, estimation, meta-analysis, and power analysis from a Bayesian perspective. Psychon Bull Rev. 2018; 25(1):178-206.
Berchtold A. Test–retest: agreement or reliability? Methodological Innovations. 2016; 9:2059799116672875.
Kottner J, Streiner DL. The difference between reliability and agreement. Journal of clinical epidemiology. 2011;64(6):701.
Schluter PJ. A multivariate hierarchical Bayesian approach to measuring agreement in repeated measurement method comparison studies. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2009; 9:6.
Jones M, Dobson A, O'Brian S. A graphical method for assessing agreement with the mean between multiple observers using continuous measures. Int J Epidemiol. 2011;40(5):1308-13.
Christensen HS, Borgbjerg J, Børty L, Bøgsted M. On Jones et al.'s method for extending Bland-Altman plots to limits of agreement with the mean for multiple observers. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2020; 20(1):304.
Bland JM, Altman DG. Statistical methods for assessing agreement between two methods of clinical measurement. Lancet. 1986;1(8476):307-10.
Steele J, Fisher JP, Smith D, Schoenfeld BJ, Yang Y, Nakagawa S. Meta-analysis of variation in sport and exercise science: Examples of application within resistance training research. J Sports Sci. 2023; 41(17):1617-1634.
Koo TK, Li MY. A guideline of selecting and reporting intraclass correlation coefficients for reliability research. J Chiropr Med. 2016; 15(2):155–63.
Nuzzo JL, Pinto MD, Nosaka K, Steele J. The Eccentric:Concentric Strength Ratio of Human Skeletal Muscle In Vivo: Meta-analysis of the Influences of Sex, Age, Joint Action, and Velocity. Sports Med. 2023; 53(6):1125-1136.
Downloads
Posted
Versions
- 2024-10-07 (2)
- 2024-10-07 (1)
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Michael Nash, James Steele, James P. Fisher (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
