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The Resistance Training Dose-Response: Meta-Regressions Exploring the Effects of Weekly Volume and Frequency on Muscle Hypertrophy and Strength Gain

##article.authors##

  • Joshua Pelland Florida Atlantic University
  • Jacob Remmert
  • Zac Robinson
  • Seth Hinson
  • Michael Zourdos

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.51224/SRXIV.460

Keywords:

Resistance Training, Muscle Hypertrophy, Maximal Strength, Volume, Frequency, Meta-Analysis

Abstract

Background: Weekly set volume and frequency are used to manipulate resistance training

(RT) dosage. Previous research has identified higher weekly set volume as enhancing

muscle hypertrophy and strength gains, but the nature of the dose-response relationship

still needs to be investigated. Mixed evidence exists regarding the effects of higher weekly

frequency.

Objective: Before meta-analyzing the volume and frequency research, all contributing RT

sets were classified as direct or indirect, depending on their specificity to the

hypertrophy/strength measurement. Then, weekly set volume/frequency for indirect sets

was quantified as 1 for ‘total,’ 0.5 for ‘fractional,’ and 0 for ‘direct.’ A series of multi-level

meta-regressions were performed for muscle hypertrophy and strength, utilizing 67 total

studies of 2,058 participants. All models were adjusted for the duration of the intervention

and training status.

Results: The relative evidence for the ‘fractional’ quantification method was strongest;

therefore, this quantification method was used for the primary meta-regression models.

The posterior probability of the marginal slope exceeding zero for the effect of volume on

both hypertrophy and strength was 100%, indicating that gains in muscle size and strength

increase as volume increases. However, both best fit models suggest diminishing returns,

with the diminishing returns for strength being considerably more pronounced. The

posterior probability of the marginal slope exceeding zero for frequency’s effect on

hypertrophy was less than 100%, indicating compatibility with negligible effects. In contrast,

the posterior probability for strength was 100%, suggesting strength gains increase with

increasing frequency, albeit with diminishing returns.

Conclusions: Distinguishing between direct and indirect sets appears essential for

predicting adaptations to a given RT protocol, such as using the ‘fractional’ quantification

method. This method’s dose-response models revealed that volume and frequency have

unique dose-response relationships with each hypertrophy and strength gain. The

dose-response relationship between volume and hypertrophy appears to differ from that

with strength, with the latter exhibiting more pronounced diminishing returns. The

dose-response relationship between frequency and hypertrophy appears to differ from

that with strength, as only the latter exhibits consistently identifiable effects.

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2024-10-04

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