Description of Physical Activity and Screen Time among U.S. Middle School Students
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51224/SRXIV.425Keywords:
physical activity, screen time, high school, adolescenceAbstract
Background: Physical activity is important for students in secondary school, however, trends in PA among secondary school students have shown a significant decline globally. There is a need to understand the physical activity of middle school students. Objective: The first objective is to identify the PA levels and screen time of students in middle school. The second objective of the study intends to examine the PA levels and screen time among students of different genders. Methods: participants from four consecutive two-year cycles of National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were included in this study. Spearman correlation model was used to identify the correlation between participants’ demographics, PA, and screen time data. Negative binomial regression model was used to describe students’ PA and screen time (Dependent variable) in different grades (Independent variables). Gender and Age were taken as control variables. Results: After the data preprocessing, 2516 participants were included in this study. Significant correlation has been found between grade and PA, instead of screen time. Negative binomial regression shows that students have lowest PA in their transition year Year 6, and their screen time decreased with the grade increased. Significant difference can be found across gender. Future efforts should focus on developing school transition support programs designed to improve PA.
Metrics
References
Barney, D. C., Pleban, F., & Lewis, T. (2017). Relationship between physical activity and stress among junior high school students in the physical education environment.
Boers, E., Afzali, M. H., Newton, N., & Conrod, P. (2019). Association of Screen Time and Depression in Adolescence. JAMA Pediatrics, 173(9), 853-859. https://doi.org/10.1001/jamapediatrics.2019.1759
Bryan, C. L., & Solmon, M. A. (2012). Student motivation in physical education and engagement in physical activity. Journal of sport behavior, 35(3), 267.
Chen, H., Guo, H., Chen, H., Cao, X., Liu, J., Chen, X., Tian, Y., Tang, H., Wang, X., & Zhou, J. (2023). Influence of academic stress and school bullying on self-harm behaviors among Chinese middle school students: The mediation effect of depression and anxiety. Frontiers in public health, 10.
Chong, K. H., Dumuid, D., Cliff, D. P., Parrish, A.-M., & Okely, A. D. (2022). Changes in 24-Hour Domain-Specific Movement Behaviors and Their Associations With Children’s Psychosocial Health During the Transition From Primary to Secondary School: A Compositional Data Analysis. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 19(5), 358-366. https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2021-0630
Colley, R. C., Garriguet, D., Janssen, I., Craig, C. L., Clarke, J., & Tremblay, M. S. (2011a). Physical activity of Canadian adults: accelerometer results from the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey. Health reports, 22(1).
Colley, R. C., Garriguet, D., Janssen, I., Craig, C. L., Clarke, J., & Tremblay, M. S. (2011b). Physical activity of Canadian children and youth: accelerometer results from the 2007 to 2009 Canadian Health Measures Survey. Health reports, 22(1), 15.
Cui, Z., Zou, P., Lin, Z., Cao, Y., & Luo, Y. (2023). Gender Differences in Excessive Screen Time among Chinese High School Students in Henan Province. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(1), 721. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/1/721
Haas, P., Yang, C.-H., & Dunton, G. F. (2021). Associations Between Physical Activity Enjoyment and Age-Related Decline in Physical Activity in Children—Results From a Longitudinal Within-Person Study. Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 43(3), 205-214. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2020-0156
Hallal, P. C., Andersen, L. B., Bull, F. C., Guthold, R., Haskell, W., & Ekelund, U. (2012). Global physical activity levels: surveillance progress, pitfalls, and prospects. The lancet, 380(9838), 247-257.
Holland, M., Courtney, M., Vergara, J., McIntyre, D., Nix, S., Marion, A., & Shergill, G. (2021). Homework and Children in Grades 3–6: Purpose, Policy and Non-Academic Impact. Child & Youth Care Forum, 50(4), 631-651. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10566-021-09602-8
Hopwood, B., Hay, I., & Dyment, J. (2016). The transition from primary to secondary school: Teachers’ perspectives. The Australian Educational Researcher, 43(3), 289-307. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-016-0200-0
Ishii, K., Aoyagi, K., Shibata, A., Javad Koohsari, M., Carver, A., & Oka, K. (2020). Joint Associations of Leisure Screen Time and Physical Activity with Academic Performance in a Sample of Japanese Children. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(3), 757. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/3/757
Ma, C., Zhou, L., Xu, W., Ma, S., & Wang, Y. (2020). Associations of physical activity and screen time with suboptimal health status and sleep quality among Chinese college freshmen: A cross-sectional study. PLoS One, 15(9), e0239429. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0239429
Marks, J., Barnett, L. M., Strugnell, C., & Allender, S. (2015). Changing from primary to secondary school highlights opportunities for school environment interventions aiming to increase physical activity and reduce sedentary behaviour: a longitudinal cohort study. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 12(1), 59. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-015-0218-0
Merriman, W., González-Toro, C. M., & Cherubini, J. (2020). Physical Activity in the Classroom. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 56(4), 164-169. https://doi.org/10.1080/00228958.2020.1813518
Moscatelli, F., La Torre, M. E., Vasco, P., Valenzano, A., Monda, V., Cibelli, G., Messina, G., & Polito, R. (2023). The Differences in Physical Activity Levels of Male and Female University Students. Physical Education Theory and Methodology, 23(3), 431-437.
Ne’matullah, K. F., Abd Talib, N., Mee, R. W. M., Seong, L., Pek, S. A., & Ismail, M. R. (2022). The impact of outdoor play on children’s well-being: A scoping review Dampak bermain di luar ruangan pada kesejahteraan anak: Tinjauan pelingkupan. Masyarakat, Kebudayaan Dan Politik, 35(3), 282-296.
NHANES. (2022). https://doi.org/https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/nhanes/about_nhanes.htm.
Rašidagić, F., Nurković, N., Dž, I. T., Hadžibulić-Nurković, H., Nikšić, E., & Kapo, A. (2020). Differences between morphological characteristics and motoric capabilities of physically active and inactive female students. Pedagogy of physical culture and sports, 24(1), 30-35.
Ryu, S., Loprinzi, P., Kim, H., & Kang, M. (2020). Temporal Trends in the Association between Participation in Physical Education and Physical Activity among U.S. High School Students, 2011–2017. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(7), 2357. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/17/7/2357
Schmidt, S. C. E., Anedda, B., Burchartz, A., Eichsteller, A., Kolb, S., Nigg, C., Niessner, C., Oriwol, D., Worth, A., & Woll, A. (2020). Physical activity and screen time of children and adolescents before and during the COVID-19 lockdown in Germany: a natural experiment. Scientific Reports, 10(1), 21780. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78438-4
Schoeppe, S., Vandelanotte, C., Bere, E., Lien, N., Verloigne, M., Kovács, É., Manios, Y., Bjelland, M., Vik, F. N., & Van Lippevelde, W. (2016). The influence of parental modelling on children’s physical activity and screen time: Does it differ by gender? European Journal of Public Health, 27(1), 152-157. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckw182
Shikano, A., & Noi, S. (2022). Go/no-go task performance of Japanese children: Differences by sex, grade, and lifestyle habits. Frontiers in public health, 10, 883532.
Supriyanto, A., Kriswanto, E. S., Prasetyo, Y., & Andrianto, S. D. (2021). The difference between male and female student's physical activity in urban region during school recess. Jurnal Keolahragaan, 9(2), 202-209.
Troiano, R. P., Berrigan, D., Dodd, K. W., Masse, L. C., Tilert, T., & McDowell, M. (2008). Physical activity in the United States measured by accelerometer. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 40(1), 181.
Zapata-Lamana, R., Ibarra-Mora, J., Henriquez-Beltrán, M., Sepúlveda-Martin, S., Martínez-González, L., & Cigarroa, I. (2021). Aumento de horas de pantalla se asocia con un bajo rendimiento escolar. Andes pediatrica, 92(4), 565-575.
Zeedyk, M. S., Gallacher, J., Henderson, M., Hope, G., Husband, B., & Lindsay, K. (2003). Negotiating the Transition from Primary to Secondary School: Perceptions of Pupils, Parents and Teachers. School Psychology International, 24(1), 67-79. https://doi.org/10.1177/0143034303024001010
Zurc, J., & Planinšec, J. (2022). Associations between Physical Activity and Academic Competence: A Cross-Sectional Study among Slovenian Primary School Students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(2), 623. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/19/2/623
Zurita, W. P. B., & Granda, E. A. C. (2023). PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT IN HIGH SCHOOL STUDENTS. Revista Científica Educ@ ção, 8(13).
Downloads
Posted
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Xiaomei Song, Zikun Zhao, Yanxuan Jin, Siyo Chan , Kevin Chow (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
