DOI of the published article https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-60074-x
Kinematic analysis of soccer goalkeeper’s diving save in penalty: effect of instructional video and laterality on performance
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51224/SRXIV.289Keywords:
goalkeeper, soccer, penalty, biomechanics, kinematicsAbstract
Background: It is essential to develop effective instructional methods to improve the goalkeepers’ diving kinematic performances. The present study aimed to analyze the effect of laterality and instructional video on the soccer goalkeepers’ dive kinematics in penalty.
Methods: Eight goalkeepers belonging to youth categories (U15, U17 and U20) were randomly divided into control group (CG) and video instruction group (VG). The second performed 20 penalty defense trials on the field with balls thrown by a machine, ten before and after receiving a video instruction to improve the diving kinematics, while the CG only performed the dives. Three cameras recorded the collections. A markerless motion capture technique (OpenPose) was used for the identification of joints and anatomical references. The 2D data were used for 3D reconstruction through the direct linear transformation method. Side preference was collected through an inventory. Two-way ANOVA for repeated measures, common and the Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM-1D) Student's t test for paired samples methods were applied for statistical analysis. The significance level was set at p ≤ 0.05.
Results: In the post-instruction situation, the VG presented differences in comparison to the CG in the variables: knee flexion/extension angle, time to reach peak resultant velocity, frontal step distance, and frontal departure angle, which generated greater acceleration during the dive. Regarding laterality, it was found that attempts to the non-dominant leg side had higher resultant velocity during 88.4 – 100% of the diving cycle, different knee flexion/extension angle, and higher values in the frontal step distance.
Conclusion: The instructional video generated an acute change in the diving movement pattern of specialized young goalkeepers when comparing the control and the video instruction group in the post condition. This can be used in training sessions to improve the movement pattern of goalkeeper’s dives.
Metrics
References
Dalton K, Guillon M, Naroo SA. An Analysis of Penalty Kicks in Elite Football Post 1997. Int J Sports Sci Coach. 2015;10(5):815-827.
Hughes M, Wells J. Analysis of penalties taken in shoot-outs. Int J Perform Anal Sport. 2002;2(1):55-72. doi:10.1080/24748668.2002.11868261
Memmert D, Hüttermann S, Hagemann N, Loffing F, Strauss B. Dueling in the penalty box: Evidence-based recommendations on how shooters and goalkeepers can win penalty shootouts in soccer. Int Rev Sport Exerc Psychol. 2013;6(1):209-229. doi:10.1080/1750984X.2013.811533
Müller F, Best JF, Cañal-Bruland R. Goalkeepers’ reputations bias shot placement in soccer penalties. J Sport Exerc Psychol. 2018;40(3):128-134. doi:10.1123/jsep.2017-0358
Noël B, Van Der Kamp J, Memmert D. Implicit goalkeeper influences on goal side selection In representative penalty kicking tasks. PLoS One. 2015;10(8):1-8. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0135423
Noël B, van der Kamp J, Masters R, Memmert D. Scan direction influences explicit but not implicit perception of a goalkeeper’s position. Atten Percept Psychophys. 2016;78(8):2494-2499. doi:10.3758/s13414-016-1196-2
Greenlees I, Leyland A, Thelwell R, et al. Soccer penalty takers ’ uniform colour and pre- penalty kick gaze affect the impressions formed of them by opposing goalkeepers the impressions formed of them by opposing goalkeepers. J Sports Sci. 2008;26(6):569-576. doi:10.1080/02640410701744446
Greenlees IA, Eynon M, Thelwell RC. Color of soccer goalkeepers’ uniforms influences the outcome of penalty kicks 1. Perceptual & Motor Skills: Exercise & Sport. 2013;117(1):1-10. doi:10.2466/30.24.PMS.117x14z6
Bar-Eli M, Azar OH. Penalty kicks in soccer : an empirical analysis of shooting strategies and goalkeepers ’ preferences. Soccer Soc. 2009;10(2):183-191. doi:10.1080/14660970802601654
Furley P, Noël B, Memmert D. Attention towards the goalkeeper and distraction during penalty shootouts in association football: a retrospective analysis of penalty shootouts from 1984 to 2012. J Sports Sci. 2016;35(9):873-879. doi:10.1080/02640414.2016.1195912
Wood G, Wilson MR. A moving goalkeeper distracts penalty takers and impairs shooting accuracy. J Sports Sci. 2010;28(9):937-946. doi:10.1080/02640414.2010.495995
Navarro M, van der Kamp J, Ranvaud R, Savelsbergh GJP. The mere presence of a goalkeeper affects the accuracy of penalty kicks. J Sports Sci. 2013;31(9):921-929. doi:10.1080/02640414.2012.762602
Augustus S, Mundy P, Smith N. Support leg action can contribute to maximal instep soccer kick performance: an intervention study. J Sports Sci. 2017;35(1):89-98. doi:10.1080/02640414.2016.1156728
Kellis E, Katis A, Gissis I. Knee biomechanics of the support leg in soccer kicks from three angles of approach. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2004;36(6):1017-1028. doi:10.1249/01.MSS.0000128147.01979.31
Kellis E, Katis A. Biomechanical characteristics and determinants of instep soccer kick. J Sports Sci Med. 2007;6:154-165. papers://61982310-139d-4a04-8060-3dce6ee6287b/Paper/p17
Shan G, Westerhoff P. Soccer: Full‐body kinematic characteristics of the maximal instep Soccer kick by male soccer players and parameters related to kick quality. Sports Biomech. 2005;4(1):59-72. doi:10.1080/14763140508522852
Scurr J, Hall B. The effects of approach angle on penalty kicking accuracy and kick kinematics with recreational soccer players. J Sports Sci Med. 2009;8(2):230-234.
Vieira LHP, Cunha SA, Moraes R, et al. Kicking Performance in Young U9 to U20 Soccer Players: Assessment of Velocity and Accuracy Simultaneously. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2018;89(2):210-220. doi:10.1080/02701367.2018.1439569
Lees A, Nolan L. The biomechanics of soccer: A review. J Sports Sci. 1998;16(3):211-234. doi:10.1080/026404198366740
Ibrahim R, Kingma I, de Boode VA, Faber GS, van Dieën JH. Kinematic and kinetic analysis of the goalkeeper’s diving save in football. J Sports Sci. 2019;37(3):313-321. doi:10.1080/02640414.2018.1499413
Ibrahim R, Kingma I, de Boode V, Faber GS, van Dieën JH. Angular Velocity, Moment, and Power Analysis of the Ankle, Knee, and Hip Joints in the Goalkeeper’s Diving Save in Football. Front Sports Act Living. 2020;2(February):1-9. doi:10.3389/fspor.2020.00013
Ibrahim R, de Boode V, Kingma I, van Dieën JH. Data-driven strength and conditioning, and technical training programs for goalkeeper’s diving save in football. Sports Biomech. Published online 2022:1-13. doi:10.1080/14763141.2022.2099966
Spratford W, Mellifont R, Burkett B. The influence of dive direction on the movement characteristics for elite football goalkeepers. Sports Biomech. 2009;8(3):235-244. doi:10.1080/14763140903229526
Monteiro RLM, Bedo BLS, Monteiro PHM, et al. Penalty feet positioning rule modification and laterality effect on soccer goalkeepers’ diving kinematics. Sci Rep. 2022;12(1). doi:10.1038/s41598-022-21508-6
Macari R, Andrade V, Vieira L, Paulo S. Análise Cinemática Do Salto Com Queda Lateral E Desempenho No Salto Vertical Do Goleiro No Futebol. Revista Mineira de Educação Física. 2016;24(1August):37-56.
Cao Z, Hidalgo G, Simon T, Wei SE, Sheikh Y. OpenPose: Realtime Multi-Person 2D Pose Estimation Using Part Affinity Fields. IEEE Trans Pattern Anal Mach Intell. 2019;43(1):172-186. doi:10.1109/TPAMI.2019.2929257
Cao Z, Simon T, Wei SE, Sheikh Y. Realtime multi-person 2D pose estimation using part affinity fields. Proceedings - 30th IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR 2017. Published online 2017:1302-1310. doi:10.1109/CVPR.2017.143
Simon T, Joo H, Matthews I, Sheikh Y. Hand keypoint detection in single images using multiview bootstrapping. Proceedings - 30th IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition, CVPR 2017. Published online 2017:4645-4653. doi:10.1109/CVPR.2017.494
Wei SE, Ramakrishna V, Kanada T, Sheikh Y. Convolutional Pose Machines. Proceedings of the IEEE Conference on Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition. Published online 2016.
Wulf G, Su J. An external focus of attention enhances golf shot accuracy in beginners and experts. Res Q Exerc Sport. 2007;78(4):384-389. doi:10.1080/02701367.2007.10599436
Bell JJ, Hardy J. Effects of attentional focus on skilled performance in Golf. J Appl Sport Psychol. 2009;21(2):163-177. doi:10.1080/10413200902795323
Zachry T, Wulf G, Mercer J, Bezodis N. Increased movement accuracy and reduced EMG activity as the result of adopting an external focus of attention. Brain Res Bull. 2005;67(4):304-309. doi:10.1016/j.brainresbull.2005.06.035
Becker KA, Fairbrother JT. The use of multiple externally directed attentional focus cues facilitates motor learning. Int J Sports Sci Coach. 2019;14(5):651-657. doi:10.1177/1747954119870172
Lohse KR, Jones M, Healy AF, Sherwood DE. The role of attention in motor control. J Exp Psychol Gen. 2014;143(2):930-948. doi:10.1037/a0032817
Wulf G, McConnel N, Gärtner M, Schwarz A. Enhancing the learning of sport skills through external-focus feedback. J Mot Behav. 2002;34(2):171-182. doi:10.1080/00222890209601939
Al-abood SA, Davids K, Bennett SJ. Specificity of task constraints and effects of visual demonstrations and verbal instructions in directing learners’ search during skill acquisition. J Mot Behav. 2001;33(3):295-305. doi:10.1080/00222890109601915
Guadagnoli M, Holcomb W, Davis M. The efficacy of video feedback for learning the golf swing. In: Journal of Sports Sciences. Vol 20. ; 2002:615-622. doi:10.1080/026404102320183176
Maryam C, yaghoob M, Darush N, Mojtaba I. The comparison of effect of video-modeling and verbal instruction on the performance in throwing the discus and hammer. Procedia Soc Behav Sci. 2009;1(1):2782-2785. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2009.01.493
Razali R, Suwarganda E, Zawaki I. The effect of direct video feedback on performance of tennis serve. In: 30th Annual Conference of Biomechanics in Sports. ; 2012:241-244.
Benjaminse A, Welling W, Otten B, Gokeler A. Transfer of improved movement technique after receiving verbal external focus and video instruction. Knee Surgery, Sports Traumatology, Arthroscopy. 2018;26(3):955-962. doi:10.1007/s00167-017-4671-y
Suzuki S, Togari H, Isokawa M, Ohashi J, Ohgushi T. Analysis ofthe goalkeeper’s diving motion. In: First World Congress of Science and Football. ; 1987:468-475.
Ibrahim R, Kingma I, de Boode V, Faber GS, van Dieën JH. The Effect of Preparatory Posture on Goalkeeper’s Diving Save Performance in Football. Front Sports Act Living. 2019;1(August):1-9. doi:10.3389/fspor.2019.00015
Macari R. Análise cinemática do salto do goleiro de futebol em cobranças de pênaltis: relação entre preferência lateral e desempenho. PhD thesis University of São Paulo. Published online 2015.
Marim E de A, Lafasse R, Okazaki VHA. Inventário de preferência lateral global (IPLAG). Brazilian Journal of Motor Behavior. 2011;6(3):14-23. doi:10.20338/bjmb.v6i3.57
Futebol C brasileira de. Regras de Futebol 2020/2021. Vol 1.; 2020:228.
Lam WK, Maxwell JP, Masters RSW. Analogy versus explicit learning of a modified basketball shooting task: Performance and kinematic outcomes. J Sports Sci. 2009;27(2):179-191. doi:10.1080/02640410802448764
Meier C, Frank C, Gröben B, Schack T. Verbal Instructions and Motor Learning: How Analogy and Explicit Instructions Influence the Development of Mental Representations and Tennis Serve Performance. Front Psychol. 2020;11(February):1-12. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.00002
Wulf G, Höß M, Prinz W, Wulf G, Hot M. Instructions for Motor Learning : Differential Instructions for Motor Learning : Differential Effects of Internal Versus External Focus of Attention. J Mot Behav. 1998;30(2):169-179. doi:10.1080/00222899809601334
Aboodarda SJ, Yusof A, Osman NAA, Thompson MW, Mokhtar AH. Enhanced performance with elastic resistance during the eccentric phase of a countermovement jump. Int J Sports Physiol Perform. 2013;8(2):181-187. doi:10.1123/ijspp.8.2.181
Bobbert MF, Gerritsen KGM, Litjens MCA, Van Soest AJ. Why is countermovement jump height greater than squat jump height? Med Sci Sports Exerc. 1996;28(11):1402-1412. doi:10.1097/00005768-199611000-00009
Ibrahim R, Kingma I, de Boode V, Faber GS, van Dieën JH. The Effect of Preparatory Posture on Goalkeeper’s Diving Save Performance in Football. Front Sports Act Living. 2019;1(August):1-10. doi:10.3389/fspor.2019.00015
Gomes A carlos. Futebol - Treinamento Desoirtivo de Alto Rendimento. Vol 1.; 2008.
Winter DA. Biomechanics and Motor Control of Human Movement: Fourth Edition.; 2009. doi:10.1002/9780470549148
Zatsiorsky V, Seluyanov V, Chugunova. In vivo body segment inertial parameters determination using a gamma-scanner method. Biomechanics of human movement. Published online 1990:186-202.
de Leva P. Adjustments to zatsiorsky-seluyanov’s segment inertia parameters. J Biomechanics. 1996;29(9):1223-1230. doi:10.1002/ima.22019
Zatsiorsky V. Kinetics of Human Motion.; 2002.
Koga H, Nakamae A, Shima Y, et al. Mechanisms for noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injuries: Knee joint kinematics in 10 injury situations from female team handball and basketball. American Journal of Sports Medicine. 2010;38(11):2218-2225. doi:10.1177/0363546510373570
Bedo BLS, Cesar GM, Moraes R, et al. Influence of Side Uncertainty on Knee Kinematics of Female Handball Athletes During Sidestep Cutting Maneuvers. J Appl Biomech. 2021;(February):1-8. doi:10.1123/jab.2020-0141
Pataky TC. Generalized n-dimensional biomechanical field analysis using statistical parametric mapping. J Biomech. 2010;43(10):1976-1982. doi:10.1016/j.jbiomech.2010.03.008
Savelsbergh GJP, Williams AM, Van Der Kamp J, Ward P. Visual search, anticipation and expertise in soccer goalkeepers. J Sports Sci. 2002;20(3):279-287. doi:10.1080/026404102317284826
Savelsbergh GJP, Van der Kamp J, Williams AM, Ward P. Anticipation and visual search behaviour in expert soccer goalkeepers. Ergonomics. 2005;48(11-14):1686-1697. doi:10.1080/00140130500101346
van der Kamp J, Dicks M, Navia JA, Noël B. Goalkeeping in the soccer penalty kick: It is time we take affordance-based control seriously! German Journal of Exercise and Sport Research. 2018;48(2):169-175. doi:10.1007/s12662-018-0506-3
Wang Y, Ji Q, Zhou C. Effect of prior cues on action anticipation in soccer goalkeepers. Psychol Sport Exerc. 2019;43(399):137-143. doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2019.02.001
Downloads
Posted
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Rafael Luiz Martins Monteiro Rafael, Carlos Cesar Arruda dos Santos, Patrick Blauberger, Daniel Link, Tiago Guedes Russomano, Ariany Klein Tahara, Abel Gonçalves Chinaglia, Paulo Roberto Pereira Santiago (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
