The effects of soccer simulation on isolated lumbar extension force and trunk flexor force
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51224/SRXIV.199Keywords:
Soccer, Football, Trunk, Core, Lumbar, Fatigue, StrengthAbstract
Force production from the trunk flexors and lumbar extensors might be important for maintaining optimal kinematics during physical tasks such as running. This study measured isolated lumbar extension strength and trunk flexor endurance before and after simulating soccer. Reductions in force output between flexors and extensors were compared, alongside non-local muscle fatigue (hand grip). Lumbar extension strength was also compared to untrained, recreationally trained, and powerlifters as these muscles do not appear to strengthen from resistance training. The results showed soccer players’ lumbar extension strength differs to untrained populations (p=0.02) but not to recreationally trained populations (p=0.266), displaying similar strength to powerlifters. Lumbar extension strength changed by −2767 ± 1860 N·m·deg (p=0.01) after soccer simulation but no change was found for trunk flexion endurance (−3s [IQR: −8–7 s]; p=0.419). After converting to percentage change, the reduction in lumbar extension strength was significantly greater than the reduction in hand grip (p=0.026). The findings showed lumbar extensor fatigue is greater than in the trunk flexors. This is particularly important as the lumbar extensors cannot be strengthened optimally without pelvic restraints. Research should establish the consequences of lumbar extensor fatigue after soccer on performance measures and injury risk factors.
Metrics
References
ABDALLAH, A., N. MOHAMED and M. HEGAZY, 2019. A comparative study of musculature endurance and strength between soccer players with and without lower extremity sprain and strain injury. International journal of sports physical therapy, 14(4), 525-536, doi:
ANDROULAKIS-KORAKAKIS, P. et al., 2018. Comparison of Isolated Lumbar Extension Strength in Competitive and Noncompetitive Powerlifters, and Recreationally Trained Men. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 35(3), 652-658, DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000002722
AZIDIN, R. et al., 2015. Effects of treadmill versus overground soccer match simulations on biomechanical markers of anterior cruciate ligament injury risk in side cutting. Journal of Sports Sciences, 33(13), 1332-1341, DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2014.990491
BEHM, D., et al., 2021. Non-local Muscle Fatigue Effects on Muscle Strength, Power, and Endurance in Healthy Individuals: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, doi: 10.1007/s40279-021-01456-3, DOI: 10.1007/s40279-021-01456-3
BONTE, J. et al., 2015. The role of core stability in sustaining high speed running hamstring injuries in male soccer players. Available from: https://lib.ugent.be/en/catalog/rug01:002214391
BROWNSTEIN, C. et al., 2017. Etiology and Recovery of Neuromuscular Fatigue following Competitive Soccer Match-Play. Frontiers in Physiology, 8, 831, DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00831
BRUCE-LOW, S. et al., 2012. One lumbar extension training session per week is sufficient for strength gains and reductions in pain in patients with chronic low back pain ergonomics. Ergonomics, 55(4), 500-507, DOI: 10.1080/00140139.2011.644329
CARLING, C. et al., 2016. Match-to-match variability in high-speed running activity in a professional soccer team. Journal of Sports Sciences, 34(24), 2215-2223, DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2016.1176228
CHAMPAGNE, A., M. DESCARREAUX and D. LAFOND, 2008. Back and hip extensor muscles fatigue in healthy subjects: task-dependency effect of two variants of the Sorensen test. European spine journal, 17(12), 1721-1726, DOI: 10.1007/s00586-008-0782-y
CONWAY, R. et al., 2018. A Comparison of Isolated Lumbar Extension Strength Between Healthy Asymptomatic Participants and Chronic Low Back Pain Subjects Without Previous Lumbar Spine Surgery. Spine (Philadelphia, Pa. 1976), DOI: 10.1097/BRS.0000000000002701
EDINBOROUGH, L., J. FISHER and J. STEELE, 2016. A Comparison of the Effect of Kettlebell Swings and Isolated Lumbar Extension Training on Acute Torque Production of the Lumbar Extensors. Journal of strength and conditioning research, 30(5), 1189-1195, DOI: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001215
FISHER, J., S. BRUCE-LOW and D. SMITH, 2013. A randomized trial to consider the effect of Romanian deadlift exercise on the development of lumbar extension strength. Physical therapy in sport : official journal of the Association of Chartered Physiotherapists in Sports Medicine, 14(3), 139-145, DOI: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2012.04.001
FRANSSON, D. et al., 2018. Fatigue Responses in Various Muscle Groups in Well-Trained Competitive Male Players after a Simulated Soccer Game. Journal of Human Kinetics, 61(1), 85-97, DOI: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0129
GRAVES, J. et al., 1990. Quantitative assessment of full range-of-motion isometric lumbar extension strength. Spine, 15(4), 289-294, DOI: 10.1097/00007632-199004000-00008
GRGIC, J. et al., 2018. Effects of Rest Interval Duration in Resistance Training on Measures of Muscular Strength: A Systematic Review. Sports Medicine, 48(1), 137-151, DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0788-x
HAMMOND, A. et al., 2019. The effects of a 4-week mesocycle of barbell back squat or barbell hip thrust strength training upon isolated lumbar extension strength. PeerJ, 7, e7337, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.7337
LOVELL, R. et al., 2018. Hamstring injury prevention in soccer: Before or after training? Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 28(2), 658-666, DOI: 10.1111/sms.12925
LOVELL, R., B. KNAPPER and K. SMALL, 2008. Physiological responses to SAFT90: a new soccerspecific match simulation. Verona-Ghirada Team Sports Conference Proceedings
MANN, R., G. MORAN and S. DOUGHERTY, 1986. Comparative electromyography of the lower extremity in jogging, running, and sprinting. The American journal of sports medicine, 14(6), 501- 510, DOI: 10.1177/036354658601400614
MARSHALL, P. et al., 2014. Hamstring Muscle Fatigue and Central Motor Output during a
Simulated Soccer Match. PloS one, 9(7), e102753, DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0102753
MCGILL, S., A. CHILDS and C. LIEBENSON, 1999. Endurance times for low back stabilization exercises: Clinical targets for testing and training from a normal database. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation, 80(8), 941-944, DOI: 10.1016/s0003-9993(99)90087-4
PARFREY, K. et al., 2008. The effects of different sit- and curl-up positions on activation of abdominal and hip flexor musculature. Applied Physiology, Nutrition, and Metabolism, 33(5), 888- 895, DOI: 10.1139/H08-061
RAABE, M and A. CHAUDHARI, 2016. An investigation of jogging biomechanics using the full-body lumbar spine model: Model development and validation. Journal of Biomechanics, 49(7), 1238- 1243, DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2016.02.046
RHODES, D., L. MCNAUGHTON and M. GREIG, 2019. The temporal pattern of recovery in eccentric hamstring strength post-soccer specific fatigue. Research in Sports Medicine, 27(3), 339-350, DOI: 10.1080/15438627.2018.1523168
SADO, N., S. YOSHIOKA and S. FUKASHIRO, 2019. A biomechanical study of the relationship between running velocity and three-dimensional lumbosacral kinetics. Journal of biomechanics, 94, 158-164, DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2019.07.038
SADO, N., S. YOSHIOKA and S. FUKASHIRO, 2016. Mechanism of the maintenance of sagittal trunk posture in maximal sprint running. Jpn J Biomech Sports Exerc, 20(20), 56-64,
SAUNDERS, S. et al., 2005. Changes in three dimensional lumbo-pelvic kinematics and trunk muscle activity with speed and mode of locomotion. Clinical Biomechanics, 20(8), 784-793, DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2005.04.004
SCHUERMANS, J. et al., 2017a. Deviating running kinematics and hamstring injury susceptibility in male soccer players: Cause or consequence? Gait & Posture, 57, 270-277, DOI: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2017.06.268
SCHUERMANS, J. et al., 2017b. Proximal Neuromuscular Control Protects Against Hamstring Injuries in Male Soccer Players: A Prospective Study With Electromyography Time-Series Analysis During Maximal Sprinting. The American Journal of Sports Medicine, 45(6), 1315-1325, DOI: 10.1177/0363546516687750
SHERRY, M. and T. BEST, 2004. A Comparison of 2 Rehabilitation Programs in the Treatment of Acute Hamstring Strains. The Journal of orthopaedic and sports physical therapy, 34(3), 116-125, DOI: 10.2519/jospt.2004.34.3.116
SILVA, J. et al., 2018. Acute and residual soccer match-related fatigue: A systematic review and Meta-analysis, Sports Med, 48(3), 539-583, DOI: 10.1007/s40279-017-0798-8
SMALL, K. et al., 2009. Soccer Fatigue, Sprinting and Hamstring Injury Risk. International Journal of Sports Medicine, 30(8), 573-578, DOI: 10.1055/s-0029-1202822
STEELE, J., S. BRUCE-LOW and D. SMITH, 2015. A review of the specificity of exercises designed for conditioning the lumbar extensors. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 49(5), 291-297, DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2013-092197
STUART, C. et al., 2018. Fatigue and perceptual responses of heavier- and lighter-load isolated lumbar extension resistance exercise in males and females. PeerJ, 6, e4523, DOI: 10.7717/peerj.4523
THOMAS, K. et al., 2017. Etiology and Recovery of Neuromuscular Fatigue after Simulated Soccer Match Play. Medicine and science in sports and exercise, 49(5), 955-964, DOI: 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001196
TONG, T. et al., 2014. The occurrence of core muscle fatigue during high-intensity running exercise and its limitation to performance: the role of respiratory work. Journal of Sports Science & Medicine, 13(2), 244-251,
VIGOTSKY, A. et al., 2018. Interpreting Signal Amplitudes in Surface Electromyography Studies in Sport and Rehabilitation Sciences. Frontiers in Physiology, 8, 985, DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00985
WEIR, J., 2005. Quantifying test-retest reliability using the intraclass correlation coefficient and the SEM. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 19(1), 231-240, DOI: 10.1519/15184.1
WOODS, C. et al., 2004. The Football Association Medical Research Programme: an audit of injuries in professional football--analysis of hamstring injuries. British journal of sports medicine, 38(1), 36-41, DOI: 10.1136/bjsm.2002.002352
Downloads
Posted
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Craig Perrin, Dave Smith, James Steele
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
