Post-drop Jumps Kick Potentiation in Youth Trained Soccer Players
Temporal Changes in EMG, Kinematics and Performance Components
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51224/SRXIV.131Keywords:
football, pre pitch-entry, PAPE, plyometric, technique, accuracy, conditioning activity, neuromechanicsAbstract
Scientific studies testing warm-up routines and their effects on subsequent soccer kicking features are restricted to only-stretching based or unloaded resistance, with no information to date on the possible consequences of priming plyometric efforts as the main conditioning activity (CA). Therefore, this study addressed the possible effects of a warm-up intended to cause postactivation performance enhancement (PAPE) based on traditional prescription (low intensity running and dynamic stretching) followed by conditioning repeated drop-jumps. Also, time-course of PAPE expression in kicking indices was determined over five blocks, before (Pre) and after (immediately, 5, 10 and 15 minutes) CA cessation. Fifteen under-17 soccer players (16 ± 1 years; 2 ± 1 year from peak height velocity) kicked stationary balls from the entrance of the penalty area aiming at square target positioned in their contralateral goalpost upper corner, in each of the five blocks of assessment. All procedures were conducted on-field in habitual training/match time. Kick attempts were monitored using wireless EMG and concomitant video kinematics to obtain limb motion and performance parameters (ball velocity and placement). Some increases in EMG indices were observed between 5 (rectus femoris activation and median frequency) and 10 minutes (biceps femoris median frequency) after CA. Angular velocity of knee extension in 5 minutes was greater than immediately post. Frequency of missed kicks increased immediately and post-15 minutes. Ball speed and other placement-derived indices remained stable from pre to all post-measures. Kicking ball velocity was correlated with vastus lateralis and rectus femoris EMG (integral and RMS). Ball placement was associated with approach run velocity and biceps femoris activation. To conclude, following a traditional warm-up plus conditioning drop-jumps, PAPE effect was observed only in a restricted number of neuromuscular parameters in under-17 players that are not generally converted into acute harm or benefits to movement mechanics and performance responses. Distinct muscle activity indicators may act as determinants to ball velocity and placement in youth soccer.
Metrics
References
Amiri-Khorasani M. Kinematics Analysis: The Acute Effect of Different Stretching Methods on Dynamic Range of Motion of Lower Extremity Joints during Soccer Instep Kicking. International Journal of Performance Analysis in Sport 13: 190-199, 2013.
Amiri-Khorasani M, Abu Osman NA, and Yusof A. Acute effect of static and dynamic stretching on hip dynamic range of motion during instep kicking in professional soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 25: 1647-1652, 2011.
Amiri-Khorasani M and Ferdinands RED. The acute effect of stretching on the kinematics of instep kicking in soccer. Sports Technology 7: 69-78, 2014.
Amiri-Khorasani M and Kellis E. Static vs. Dynamic Acute Stretching Effect on Quadriceps Muscle Activity during Soccer Instep Kicking. Journal of human kinetics 39: 37-47, 2013.
Amiri-Khorasani M, Mohammadkazemi R, Sarafrazi S, Riyahi-Malayeri S, and Sotoodeh V. Kinematics analyses related to stretch-shortening cycle during soccer instep kicking after different acute stretching. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 26: 3010-3017, 2012.
Arabadzhiev TI, Dimitrov VG, Dimitrova NA, and Dimitrov GV. Interpretation of EMG integral or RMS and estimates of “neuromuscular efficiency” can be misleading in fatiguing contraction. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 20: 223-232, 2010.
Bedoya AA, Miltenberger MR, and Lopez RM. Plyometric Training Effects on Athletic Performance in Youth Soccer Athletes: A Systematic Review. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 29: 2351-2360, 2015.
Berjan Bacvarevic B, Pazin N, Bozic PR, Mirkov D, Kukolj M, and Jaric S. Evaluation of a composite test of kicking performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 26: 1945-1952, 2012.
Blazevich AJ and Babault N. Post-activation Potentiation Versus Post-activation Performance Enhancement in Humans: Historical Perspective, Underlying Mechanisms, and Current Issues. Frontiers in Physiology 10, 2019.
Boullosa D. Post-activation performance enhancement strategies in sport: a brief review for practitioners. Human Movement 22: 101-109, 2021.
Boullosa D, Beato M, Dello Iacono A, Cuenca-Fernández F, Doma K, Schumann M, Zagatto AM, Loturco I, and Behm DG. A New Taxonomy for Postactivation Potentiation in Sport. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance: 1-4, 2020.
Campo SS, Vaeyens R, Philippaerts RM, Redondo JC, de Benito AM, and Cuadrado G. Effects of Lower-Limb Plyometric Training on Body Composition, Explosive Strength, and Kicking Speed in Female Soccer Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 23: 1714-1722, 2009.
Cerrah AO, Gungor EO, Soylu AR, Ertan H, Lees A, and Bayrak C. Muscular activation patterns during the soccer in-step kick. Isokinetics and Exercise Science 19: 181-190, 2011.
Chen Z-R, Wang Y-H, Peng H-T, Yu C-F, and Wang M-H. The Acute Effect of Drop Jump Protocols With Different Volumes and Recovery Time on Countermovement Jump Performance. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 27: 154-158, 2013.
Claudino JG, Cardoso Filho CA, Boullosa D, Lima-Alves A, Carrion GR, GianonI RLdS, Guimarães RdS, Ventura FM, Araujo ALC, Del Rosso S, Afonso J, and Serrão JC. The Role of Veracity on the Load Monitoring of Professional Soccer Players: A Systematic Review in the Face of the Big Data Era. Appl Sci 11: 6479, 2021.
de Poli RAB, Boullosa DA, Malta ES, Behm D, Lopes VHF, Barbieri FA, and Zagatto AM. Cycling Performance Enhancement After Drop Jumps May Be Attributed to Postactivation Potentiation and Increased Anaerobic Capacity. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 34: 2465-2475, 2020.
Del Vecchio A, Negro F, Felici F, and Farina D. Associations between motor unit action potential parameters and surface EMG features. J Appl Physiol (1985) 123: 835-843, 2017.
Dello Iacono A, Padulo J, Eliakim A, Gottlieb R, Bareli R, and Meckel Y. Post-activation potentiation effects on vertical and horizontal explosive performances of young handball and basketball athletes. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fi ness 56: 1455-1464, 2016.
Dobbs WC, Tolusso DV, Fedewa MV, and Esco MR. Effect of Postactivation Potentiation on Explosive Vertical Jump: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 33: 2009-2018, 2019.
Faigenbaum AD, Bellucci M, Bernieri A, Bakker B, and Hoorens K. Acute effects of different warm-up protocols on fitness performance in children. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 19: 376-381, 2005.
Frikha M, Derbel MS, Chaâri N, Gharbi A, and Chamari K. Acute effect of stretching modalities on global coordination and kicking accuracy in 12–13year-old soccer players. Human Movement Science 54: 63-72, 2017.
Gelen E. Acute effects of different warm-up methods on sprint, slalom dribbling, and penalty kick performance in soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 24: 950-956, 2010.
Glenmark B, Hedberg G, Kaijser L, and Jansson E. Muscle strength from adolescence to adulthood--relationship to muscle fibre types. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 68: 9-19, 1994.
Hammami A, Zois J, Slimani M, Russel M, and Bouhlel E. The efficacy and characteristics of warm-up and re-warm-up practices in soccer players: a systematic review. Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fi ness 58: 135-149, 2018.
Hodgson M, Docherty D, and Robbins D. Post-Activation Potentiation. Sports Medicine 35: 585-595, 2005.
Hunter AH, Angilletta MJ, Jr., and Wilson RS. Behaviors of shooter and goalkeeper interact to determine the outcome of soccer penalties. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 28: 2751-2759, 2018.
Kapidžić A, Huremović T, and Biberovic A. Kinematic analysis of the instep kick in youth soccer players. Journal of human kinetics 42: 81-90, 2014.
Katis A, Giannadakis E, Kannas T, Amiridis I, Kellis E, and Lees A. Mechanisms that influence accuracy of the soccer kick. Journal of Electromyography and Kinesiology 23: 125-131, 2013.
Khorasani MA, Abu Osman NA, and Yusof A. Biomechanical responds of instep kick between different positions in professional soccer players. Journal of human kinetics 22: 21-27, 2009.
Kilduff LP, Bevan HR, Kingsley MI, Owen NJ, Bennett MA, Bunce PJ, Hore AM, Maw JR, and Cunningham DJ. Postactivation potentiation in professional rugby players: optimal recovery. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 21: 1134-1138, 2007.
Liu H, Gómez M-A, Gonçalves B, and Sampaio J. Technical performance and match-to-match variation in elite football teams. Journal of Sports Sciences 34: 509-518, 2016.
Low D, Harsley P, Shaw M, and Peart D. The effect of heavy resistance exercise on repeated sprint performance in youth athletes. Journal of Sports Sciences 33: 1028-1034, 2015.
Maloney SJ, Turner AN, and Fletcher IM. Ballistic exercise as a pre-activation stimulus: a review of the literature and practical applications. Sports Medicine 44: 1347-1359, 2014.
Manolopoulos E, Katis A, Manolopoulos K, Kalapotharakos V, and Kellis E. Effects of a 10-week resistance exercise program on soccer kick biomechanics and muscle strength. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 27: 3391-3401, 2013.
Marques MC, Izquierdo M, Gabbett TJ, Travassos B, Branquinho L, and van den Tillaar R. Physical fitness profile of competitive young soccer players: Determination of positional differences. International Journal of Sports Science & Coaching 11: 693-701, 2016.
Metaxas T, Mandroukas A, Michailidis Y, Koutlianos N, Christoulas K, and Ekblom B. Correlation of Fiber-Type Composition and Sprint Performance in Youth Soccer Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 33: 2629-2634, 2019.
Moura Zagatto A, Medeiros Dutra Y, Claus G, de Sousa Malta E, Bonetti. de Poli RA, Pinheiro Brisola GM, and Boullosa D. Drop jumps improve repeated sprint ability performances in professional basketball players. Biology of Sport 39: 59-66, 2022.
Needham RA, Morse CI, and Degens H. The acute effect of different warm-up protocols on anaerobic performance in elite youth soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 23: 2614-2620, 2009.
Nunome H, Lake M, Georgakis A, and Stergioulas LK. Impact phase kinematics of instep kicking in soccer. Journal of Sports Sciences 24: 11-22, 2006.
Palucci Vieira LH, Barbieri FA, Kellis E, Oliveira L, Aquino R, Cunha S, Bedo B, Manechini J, and Santiago P. Organisation of instep kicking in young U11 to U20 soccer players. Science and Medicine in Football: 1-10, 2020.
Palucci Vieira LH, Lastella M, da Silva JP, Cesário TAI, Santinelli FB, Moretto GF, Santiago PRP, and Barbieri FA. Low sleep quality and morningness-eveningness scale score may impair ball placement but not kicking velocity in youth academy soccer players. Science and Medicine in Football Ahead of print, 2022.
Palucci Vieira LH, Santiago PRP, Pinto A, Aquino R, Torres R, and Barbieri FA. Automatic markerless motion detector method against traditional digitisation for 3-dimensional movement kinematic analysis of ball kicking in soccer field context. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 2022.
Palucci Vieira LH, Santinelli FB, Carling C, Kellis E, Santiago PRP, and Barbieri FA. Acute effects of warm-up, exercise and recovery-related strategies on assessments of soccer kicking performance: a critical and systematic review. Sports Medicine 51: 661-705, 2021.
Pereira Santiago PR, Palucci Vieira LH, Barbieri FA, Moura FA, Exel Santana J, de Andrade VL, de Souza Bedo BL, and Cunha SA. Comparison of the Kinematic Patterns of Kick Between Brazilian and Japanese Young Soccer Players. Asian Journal of Sports Medicine 7: e33645, 2016.
Prieske O, Behrens M, Chaabene H, Granacher U, and Maffiuletti NA. Time to Differentiate Postactivation “Potentiation” from “Performance Enhancement” in the Strength and Conditioning Community. Sports Medicine 50: 1559-1565, 2020.
Prieske O, Maffiuletti NA, and Granacher U. Postactivation Potentiation of the Plantar Flexors Does Not Directly Translate to Jump Performance in Female Elite Young Soccer Players. Frontiers in Physiology 9, 2018.
Ramirez-Campillo R, Alvarez C, García-Pinillos F, Sanchez-Sanchez J, Yanci J, Castillo D, Loturco I, Chaabene H, Moran J, and Izquierdo M. Optimal Reactive Strength Index: Is It an Accurate Variable to Optimize Plyometric Training Effects on Measures of Physical Fitness in Young Soccer Players? Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 32: 885-893, 2018.
Ramírez-Campillo R, Gallardo F, Henriquez-Olguín C, Meylan CMP, Martínez C, Álvarez C, Caniuqueo A, Cadore EL, and Izquierdo M. Effect of Vertical, Horizontal, and Combined Plyometric Training on Explosive, Balance, and Endurance Performance of Young Soccer Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 29: 1784-1795, 2015.
Ramírez-Campillo R, Meylan C, Álvarez C, Henríquez-Olguín C, Martínez C, Cañas-Jamett R, Andrade DC, and Izquierdo M. Effects of In-Season Low-Volume High-Intensity Plyometric Training on Explosive Actions and Endurance of Young Soccer Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 28: 1335-1342, 2014.
Rassier D, Macintosh BJBJoM, and Research B. Coexistence of potentiation and fatigue in skeletal muscle. Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 33: 499-508, 2000.
Requena B, Sáez-Sáez de Villarreal E, Gapeyeva H, Ereline J, García I, and Pääsuke M. Relationship between postactivation potentiation of knee extensor muscles, sprinting and vertical jumping performance in professional soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 25: 367-373, 2011.
Rossi MM, Silvatti AP, Dias FA, and Barros RM. Improved accuracy in 3D analysis using DLT after lens distortion correction. Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering 18: 993-1002, 2015.
Sáez de Villarreal E, Suarez-Arrones L, Requena B, Haff GG, and Ferrete C. Effects of Plyometric and Sprint Training on Physical and Technical Skill Performance in Adolescent Soccer Players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 29: 1894-1903, 2015.
Schulze E, Mendes B, Maurício N, Furtado B, Cesário N, Carriço S, and Meyer T. Effects of positional variables on shooting outcome in elite football. Science and Medicine in Football 2: 93-100, 2018.
Seitz LB, de Villarreal ES, and Haff GG. The temporal profile of postactivation potentiation is related to strength level. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 28: 706-715, 2014.
Seitz LB and Haff GG. Factors Modulating Post-Activation Potentiation of Jump, Sprint, Throw, and Upper-Body Ballistic Performances: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis. Sports Medicine 46: 231-240, 2016.
Sharma SK, Raza S, Moiz JA, Verma S, Naqvi IH, Anwer S, and Alghadir AHJBri. Postactivation potentiation following acute bouts of plyometric versus heavy-resistance exercise in collegiate soccer players. Biomed Res Int 2018, 2018.
Sidaway B, Bouchard M, Chasse J, Dunn J, Govoni A, McPherson B, Roy K, and Anderson DI. The Role of Postural Support in Young Adults' Control of Stationary Kicking. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 88: 215-222, 2017.
Silva LM, Neiva HP, Marques MC, Izquierdo M, and Marinho DA. Effects of Warm-Up, Post-Warm-Up, and Re-Warm-Up Strategies on Explosive Efforts in Team Sports: A Systematic Review. Sports Medicine 48: 2285-2299, 2018.
Stulen FB and DeLuca CJ. Frequency parameters of the myoelectric signal as a measure of muscle conduction velocity. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering 28: 515-523, 1981.
Till KA and Cooke C. The effects of postactivation potentiation on sprint and jump performance of male academy soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 23: 1960-1967, 2009.
Tillin NA and Bishop D. Factors modulating post-activation potentiation and its effect on performance of subsequent explosive activities. Sports Medicine 39: 147-166, 2009.
Towlson C, Midgley AW, and Lovell R. Warm-up strategies of professional soccer players: practitioners' perspectives. Journal of Sports Sciences 31: 1393-1401, 2013.
Turki O, Dhahbi W, Gueid S, Hmaied S, Souaifi M, and Khalifa R. Dynamic Warm-Up With a Weighted Vest: Improvement of Repeated Change-of-Direction Performance in Young Male Soccer Players. International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 15: 196-203, 2020.
van Boxtel A and Schomaker LR. Influence of motor unit firing statistics on the median frequency of the EMG power spectrum. European Journal of Applied Physiology and Occupational Physiology 52: 207-213, 1984.
Vieira LHP, Cunha SA, Moraes R, Barbieri FA, Aquino R, Oliveira LP, Navarro M, Bedo BLS, and Santiago PRP. Kicking Performance in Young U9 to U20 Soccer Players: Assessment of Velocity and Accuracy Simultaneously. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport 89: 210-220, 2018.
Vieira LHP, de Souza Serenza F, de Andrade VL, de Paula Oliveira L, Mariano FP, Santana JE, and Santiago PRP. Kicking Performance and Muscular Strength Parameters with Dominant and Nondominant Lower Limbs in Brazilian Elite Professional Futsal Players. Journal of Applied Biomechanics 32: 578-585, 2016.
West DJ, Russell M, Bracken RM, Cook CJ, Giroud T, and Kilduff LP. Post-warmup strategies to maintain body temperature and physical performance in professional rugby union players. Journal of Sports Sciences 34: 110-115, 2016.
Wilson JM, Duncan NM, Marin PJ, Brown LE, Loenneke JP, Wilson SM, Jo E, Lowery RP, and Ugrinowitsch C. Meta-analysis of postactivation potentiation and power: effects of conditioning activity, volume, gender, rest periods, and training status. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 27: 854-859, 2013.
Young WB and Rath DA. Enhancing foot velocity in football kicking: the role of strength training. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research 25: 561-566, 2011.
Zagatto AM, Claus GM, Dutra YM, de Poli RA, Lopes VHF, Goodall S, Loturco I, and Boullosa D. Drop jumps versus sled towing and their effects on repeated sprint ability in young basketball players. BMC Sports Science, Medicine and Rehabilitation 14: 4, 2022.
Zois J, Bishop DJ, Ball K, and Aughey RJ. High-intensity warm-ups elicit superior performance to a current soccer warm-up routine. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport 14: 522-528, 2011.
Downloads
Posted
Versions
- 2022-03-09 (2)
- 2022-03-09 (1)
Categories
License
Copyright (c) 2022 Luiz H P Vieira, Alessandro M Zagatto, Carlos A Kalva-Filho, Vinicius C Moreno, Felipe B Santinelli, João P da Silva, Paulo R P Santiago, Sergio T Rodrigues, Fabio A Barbieri
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
